Emkhakheni wemishini yezemidlalo yasekhaya, ama-MATS okuhamba asephenduke ukukhetha okubalulekile kwabasebekhulile nabaqalayo ngenxa yamandla abo aphansi kanye nokusebenza okulula. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesakhiwo esisekelayo, ama-MATS okuhamba avamile andisa kakhulu ingozi yokungalingani ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca. Ngokusho kwedatha yocwaningo lwezokwelapha kwezemidlalo, amathuba abasebenzisi bemishini yokuhamba ngaphandle kokuwa kwezinsimbi zokubopha ayi-18.7%, phakathi kwawo inani labantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kanye nabaqalayo abavivinya umzimba lidlula u-72%. Umata wokuhamba wezinsimbi zokubopha, ngokuklama kwe-ergonomic kanye nezindlela zokuvikela ukuphepha, wakha isithiyo sokuphepha kusuka ezicini ezintathu: ukuqina kokusekela, ukuzivumelanisa nokunyakaza, kanye nokuvikelwa okuphuthumayo. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokuphelele izinzuzo zaso zokuphepha ngokuhlanganisa imingcele yobuchwepheshe kanye nezimiso zesayensi.
Okokuqala, sekela ukwakheka kwesakhiwo: Yakha inethi yokuvikela eqinile ngesikhathi sokunyakaza
Inani eliyinhloko lokuphepha komata wokuhamba we-handrail lisemsebenzini wokusekela osizayo wesistimu ye-handrail ukuze kube nokulinganisela komuntu. Kudingeka kuhlaziywe kusukela ezicini ezintathu: izinto ze-handrail, amapharamitha esakhiwo, kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa, kuhlanganiswe nezimiso ze-ergonomic.
1. Izinto ze-Handrail kanye nezakhiwo zemishini: Ukulinganisela umthamo othwala umthwalo kanye nenduduzo
Izinsika zesandla ezisezingeni eliphezulu kumele zihlangabezane nezidingo ezimbili zamandla okuthwala umthwalo kanye nenduduzo yokusetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye. Izindinganiso zemboni zibeka ukuthi amandla okuthwala umthwalo angaguquki ensika yesandla akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-150kg, kanye namandla okuthwala umthwalo aguqukayo (okulingisa ukungalingani okungazelelwe komsebenzisi lapho ebamba) akufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-120kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kwemijikelezo eyi-100,000 yokuhlolwa kokuthwala umthwalo, izinga lokuguquguquka kufanele lilawulwe ngaphakathi kuka-0.5%. Izinto ezivamile zezinsika zesandla zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:
Uhlaka lwensimbi olunekhabhoni ephezulu + uqweqwe lwe-PU:Ububanzi bepayipi lensimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu kufanele bube ngu-≥32mm, kanti ubukhulu bodonga kufanele bube ngu-≥1.5mm ukuqinisekisa amandla okugoba. Ubuningi bezinto ze-PU zangaphandle kufanele bufinyelele ku-0.9g/cm³, kanti ubulukhuni be-Shore kufanele bulawulwe ku-60±5HA, okungagcini nje ngokugwema ukucindezela kwesandla okubangelwa ukuba nzima kakhulu kodwa futhi kuvimbela ukuzinza kokusekela ukuthi kungathinteki ngokuba mnene kakhulu.
I-aluminium alloy yebanga lendiza + ungqimba oluvimbela ukushelela lwe-silicone:I-handrail ye-aluminium alloy isebenzisa inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa engu-6061-T6, enamandla okudonseka angu-≥310MPa, futhi isisindo sayo singu-1/3 kuphela sensimbi yekhabhoni yencazelo efanayo, elula ukunyakaza okuphelele kwemishini. Ingqimba ye-silicone engaphandle evimbela ukushelela inobubanzi bokuthungwa okungu-≥0.8mm, i-friction coefficient engu-≥0.6, kanye nesilinganiso sokunciphisa amandla okubamba esingu-≤15% endaweni enomswakama, okunciphisa ingozi yokushelela kwesandla.
2. Isikhala sokubekwa kwengalo nokulungiswa kokuphakama: Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zomzimba
Imingcele yendawo ye-handrail ithinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokusekela futhi kumele ihambisane nezindinganiso zobukhulu be-ergonomic. Ngokuphathelene nesikhala esivundlile, ibanga eliphakathi le-handrail ejwayelekile kufanele libe phakathi kuka-580mm no-650mm, lifanele ububanzi bamahlombe angu-95% wabantu abadala (ububanzi bamahlombe obujwayelekile babantu abadala baseShayina bungu-370mm kuya ku-450mm), ukuze kugwenywe ukuvinjelwa kwamalungu okubangelwa ukuba mncane kakhulu noma ukungakwazi ukubamba ngesikhathi ngenxa yokuba banzi kakhulu. Umsebenzi wokulungisa ukuphakama kufanele umboze ububanzi bokulungisa obungu-100mm kuya ku-150mm. Ukuphakama okuncane okulungisekayo kufanele kube ngu-≥750mm (kufanele abantu abanobude obungu-150cm), kanti ukuphakama okuphezulu okulungisekayo kufanele kube ngu-≤900mm (kufanele abantu abanobude obungu-190cm). Isikhala esiphakathi kwamagiya okulungisa kufanele sibe ngu-≤20mm. Qinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bokuphakama okuhlukene bonke bangathola indawo yokubamba yemvelo - uma ukuphakama kwe-handrail kulingane ne-hip yomsebenzisi, ukucindezeleka kwemisipha kungancishiswa ngo-28% kanye nokuzinza kwebhalansi kungathuthukiswa ngo-40%.
Eminye imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu iphinde ibe nomsebenzi wokulungisa i-Angle ye-handrail, engalungiswa kahle ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphakathi kuka-0° no-15°, ivumelane nemikhuba ehlukene yokubamba yabasebenzisi njengokugoba kwemvelo kanye nokwelulwa kancane phambili, okunciphisa kakhulu ingcindezi yamalunga.
3. Imininingwane yokusekela ewusizo: Nciphisa ingozi yokungalingani okungazelelwe
Ngaphandle kwesakhiwo se-handrail esiyinhloko, umklamo onemininingwane ubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelweni kokuphepha. Isiphetho se-handrail kufanele siphathwe ngokushintsha kwe-arc, kanti i-radius ye-chamfer yomphetho akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-5mm ukugwema imiphetho ebukhali ebangela ukugoba nokulimala. Kufanele kubekwe ama-protrusions angu-1 kuya kwangu-2 angasheleli ohlangothini lwangaphakathi lwe-handrail, ukuphakama okungenani okungu-2mm, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukungqubuzana okwengeziwe lapho isandla somsebenzisi sishelela kancane. Eminye imikhiqizo ifaka nebha yokuzinza ewela phansi kwe-handrail. Ububanzi bomzimba we-bar bungu-≥25mm, okwakha isakhiwo sokusekela esingunxantathu nge-handrail. Lokhu kwandisa isikhathi sokulwa nokutsheka kwemishini ngo-35% futhi kuvimbela ngempumelelo imishini ekutshekeni ngenxa yamandla ohlangothini olulodwa.
Okwesibili, ukwenza ngcono ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kokuzivocavoca: Ukuqondanisa izici zomzimba zabantu asebekhulile nabaqalayo
Imisebenzi yomzimba (njengokuqina kwemisipha, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo namaphaphu, kanye nekhono lokulinganisela) yabantu asebekhulile nabaqalayo bahluke kakhulu kuleyo yabantu abavamile ukuzilolonga. Umata wokuhamba we-handrail ufinyelela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuphephile ngokulungiswa kwemingcele yokuzivocavoca kanye nomklamo wokuzivikela.
1. Ububanzi bokulungiswa kwesivinini: Ukulawula okunembile ebangeni lesivinini esiphansi
Ijubane lokuhamba lasebekhulile nabaqalayo ngokuvamile liphansi futhi bayazwela ekushintsheni kwejubane. Ububanzi bokulungiswa kwejubane lomathi wokuhamba onezinsika zokubambelela kufanele buhlanganise u-0.3km/h kuya ku-6km/h. Ebangeni lejubane eliphansi elisukela ku-0.3km/h kuya ku-2km/h, kufanele kufezwe ushintsho lwejubane olungenazinyathelo, ngephutha lokuguquguquka kwejubane elingaphezu kuka-0.1km/h, ukuze kugwenywe umthelela wokuqala obangelwa ijubane elincane kakhulu (ikakhulukazi u-1km/h) emishinini evamile. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi lapho ijubane lokuhamba lehla lisuka ku-1km/h liya ku-0.5km/h, ukuzinza kokuhamba kwasebekhulile kuyanda ngo-52%, futhi amandla okushaya phansi konyawo ancipha ngo-23%, okunciphisa ngempumelelo umthwalo wokucindezela emalungeni edolo nasemaqakaleni.
Okwamanje, inkinobho yokulungisa isivinini kufanele isebenzise umklamo omkhulu (ububanzi obungu-≥25mm), oneziphethini ezingasheleli ebusweni kanye nesikhala esingu-≥30mm, ukuze kube lula ukusebenza okunembile ngasebekhulile noma abasebenzisi abanokuguquguquka kwesandla okungekuhle futhi bagweme izinguquko zesivinini ezisheshayo ezibangelwa ukuthintwa ngengozi.
2. Uhlelo lwe-Buffer kanye ne-shock absorption: Lunciphisa umonakalo wokulimala kwamalunga
Ukuwohloka kwe-cartilage ye-articular kubantu asebekhulile (ubukhulu be-cartilage kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 bungaphansi ngo-40% kunangesikhathi besebancane), futhi abasafufusa abanazo izindlela ezifanele zokubopha i-latting cushion. Bobabili bathambekele ekulimaleni kwamalunga ngenxa yomthelela wezindawo eziqinile zomhlaba. Ngaphansi kwebhande lokugijima elinezibambo zokuphatha kanye ne-walking MATS, kufanele kubekwe izendlalelo eziningi zezakhiwo ze-buffer.
Isendlalelo se-buffer esingaphezulu:Yenziwe ngezinto ze-EVA ezixinene kakhulu, enobukhulu obungu-≥8mm, izinga lokuphindaphinda kokucindezela elingu-≥85%, futhi ekwazi ukumunca u-30% wamandla okushaya lapho ifika.
Isendlalelo sokusekela esiphakathi:Kusetshenziswa ibhodi lesakhiwo sezinyosi ze-PP, elinezimbobo zezinyosi zezinyosi ezingu-5mm×5mm, okuqinisekisa ukwesekwa ngenkathi kusatshalaliswa ingcindezi.
Iphedi elingaphansi elibamba ukushaqeka:Yenziwe ngerabha yemvelo, enobukhulu obungu-≥5mm kanye nobunzima be-Shore obungu-45±5HA, ifanele amazinga ahlukene obulukhuni bomhlabathi (njengamathayela e-ceramic kanye nephansi lokhuni), ivimbela imiphumela yesibili ebangelwa ukudlidliza kwemishini okudluliselwa emhlabathini.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa, kwatholakala ukuthi umata wokuhamba ohlonyiswe ngohlelo oluphelele lokusika unganciphisa amandla okushaya aphezulu onyaweni ngo-45% kanye nokucindezela edolweni ngo-38%, okunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokulimala kwamalunga.
3. Umsebenzi wokusiza ibhalansi: Ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kokuphambuka kokuhamba
Ukuzinza kokuhamba kwasebekhulile kanye nabaqalayo kuphansi kakhulu, futhi bathambekele ekuphambukeni kokuhamba (njengokuguqulwa kwezinyawo noma i-valgus yonyawo) noma ubude obungalingani bokuhamba.OMATSHI bokuhamba abanezibambozifakwe uhlelo lokuzwa ukuhamba. Inzwa yokucindezela (imvamisa yokulinganisa ≥100Hz) ngaphansi kwebhande eligijimayo iqapha indawo yephuzu lonyawo ngesikhathi sangempela. Lapho ukuphambuka kokuhamba kudlula u-15mm, idivayisi izoxwayisa ngokudlidliza kwe-handrail (imvamisa yokudlidliza 50Hz-80Hz, ubukhulu ≤1mm). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ijubane lizoncishiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngo-10% kuya ku-20% kuze kube yilapho ukuhamba kubuya esimeni esijwayelekile. Lo msebenzi unganciphisa ingozi yokungalingani okubangelwa ukuphambuka kokuhamba ngo-60%, futhi ufaneleka kakhulu kubasebenzisi asebekhulile abanekhono lokulinganisela elibuthakathaka.
Okwesithathu, indlela yokuvikela eziphuthumayo: Isiqinisekiso sokuphepha sokubhekana nezimo ezingalindelekile
Izimo ezingalindelekile ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, njengokungakhululeki ngokomzimba noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini, ziyimithombo ebalulekile yezingozi zokuphepha. Umata wokuhamba we-handrail, ngemiklamo eminingi yokuvikela eziphuthumayo, wenza kube lula ukuphendula ngokushesha ezingozini.
1. Uhlelo lokuma oluphuthumayo: Ukubhuleka okusheshayo okunezindlela eziningi zokuqalisa
Umsebenzi wokumisa okuphuthumayo udinga ukuba nezindlela eziningi zokuqalisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bangayimisa ngokushesha idivayisi uma kwenzeka izimo eziphuthumayo. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuqalisa zifaka:
Inkinobho yesimo esiphuthumayo se-handrail:Ibekwe endaweni efinyeleleka kalula ekugcineni kwe-handrail. Umbala wenkinobho ubomvu ngokumangalisayo, ububanzi obungu-≥30mm. Ngemva kokucindezelwa, imishini kufanele iyeke ukusebenza zingakapheli imizuzwana engu-0.5, futhi ibanga lokushelela lebhande lokugijima kufanele libe ngu-≤100mm.
Ukuxhumanisa ukhiye wokuphepha:Ifakwe ukhiye wokuphepha onama-magnetic, uhlangothi olulodwa luxhunywe ezingutsheni zomsebenzisi bese olunye uhlangothi lufakwa kudivayisi. Uma ukhiye uphuma kudivayisi, ibhande elisebenzayo kudingeka libhuleki zingakapheli imizuzwana engu-0.3, futhi isivinini sokuphendula sishesha ngo-40% kunesikhiye sokuphepha esivamile sokudonsa.
Ukuyeka ukuzwa ukucindezeleka:Indawo yokuzwa ingcindezi (ububanzi obungu-≥50mm) isethwe emaphethelweni ebhande eligijimayo. Uma ingcindezi ohlangothini olulodwa idlula u-50kg (njengalapho umsebenzisi ethambekele emaphethelweni), isivinini sizoncishiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi kuzoqala i-alamu yokukhala. Uma ingabuyeli esimeni esijwayelekile phakathi nemizuzwana eyi-10, ukusebenza kuzoma.
2. Ukuvikelwa kokulayisha ngokweqile nokushisa ngokweqile: Ukweqisa kokuphepha kokusebenza kwemishini
Ukwehluleka kwemishini nakho kuyisici esibalulekile esibangela izingozi zokuphepha. Amaphedi abahambi ngezinyawo anezinsika zokuphatha kudingeka abe nemisebenzi yokuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile kanye nokushisa ngokweqile. Umkhawulo wokuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile wemoto kufanele ubekwe ngokuphindwe ka-1.2 kwamandla alinganisiwe. Lapho umthwalo wemoto udlula umkhawulo, imishini izonqamula amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ibonise ikhodi yephutha. Ukuvikelwa kokushisa kwemoto kutholakala ngenzwa yokushisa yangaphakathi (ibanga lokulinganisa -20 ℃ kuya ku-150 ℃, ukunemba ±1 ℃). Lapho izinga lokushisa lokugoqa imoto lidlula ku-120 ℃, ukuvikelwa kokushisa ngokweqile kuyaqaliswa, okuphoqa umshini ukuthi uvale ukuze uphole ukuze kuvinjelwe ingozi yomlilo ebangelwa ukusha kwemoto.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, intambo kagesi yemishini kumele ihambisane nezindinganiso ze-IEC 60335, enobubanzi bentambo obungu-≥0.75mm², futhi ifakwe ipulaki yokuvikela ukunqwabelana kwe-10A. Ukumelana komhlabathi kwepulaki kufanele kube ngu-≤0.1Ω ukuvimbela izingozi zokushaqeka kukagesi ezibangelwa ukuvuza.
3. Uhlelo lokuxwayisa ngomsindo nokukhanya: Ukudluliswa kolwazi lokuphepha ngesikhathi sangempela
Asebekhulile kanye nabaqalayo banekhono elibuthakathaka lokubona isimo semishini, futhi kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kolwazi lokuphepha ngokusebenzisa umsindo kanye nokukhanya. Uma imishini isebenza, kufanele ibe nalokhu:
Isibonisi sesivinini:Isebenzisa isibonisi se-LED digital tube, esinokuphakama kwedijithali okungu-≥25mm kanye nokukhanya okungu-≥300cd/m², okuqinisekisa ukuthi asebekhulile bayakwazi ukukubona kahle ngaphakathi kwamamitha amathathu.
I-alamu yephutha: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zephutha zihambisana nemvamisa ehlukene yezimpawu zokukhala (isibonelo, ukukhala okukodwa ngomzuzwana ngesivinini esingavamile kanye nokukhala okubili ngomzuzwana ngokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu), futhi kuhambisana nokukhanya kwesibani esibomvu sesibonakaliso sephutha.
Isiqondiso sokusebenza:Uma isetshenziswa okokuqala, idlala ngokuzenzakalelayo isiqondiso sezwi (isekela ukushintsha kwezilimi eziningi), okubonisa indlela yokubamba ye-handrail, indlela yokulungisa isivinini kanye nokusebenza kokuma okuphuthumayo. Ivolumu yezwi ingalungiswa ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphakathi kuka-50dB-80dB, elifanele abasebenzisi abanezimo zokuzwa ezahlukene.
Okwesine, izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezinwetshiwe: Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha ezahlukahlukene
Umklamo wokuphepha weukuhamba ngezinyawoUmata awufaneleki nje kuphela emisebenzini evamile yokuhamba, kodwa unganwetshwa nasekuqeqeshweni kokuvuselelwa, usizo lwansuku zonke kanye nezinye izimo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwawo.
1. Ukuzivumelanisa nokuqeqeshwa kokuvuselelwa: Ukusiza ukululama ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Kubantu abalulama ekuhlinzweni kwamalunga (njengokuhlinzwa kokushintsha idolo), ama-MATS okuhamba ngezinyawo anezinsika zokubopha angasetshenziswa njengemishini yokuqeqesha yokuvuselela enamandla aphansi. Ngokugijima ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu esingu-0.3km/h kuya ku-1km/h kanye nokusekelwa okuzinzile kwezinsika zokubopha, abasebenzisi bangenza ukuqeqeshwa kokuhamba ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile futhi kancane kancane babuyisele amandla emisipha kanye nobubanzi bokunyakaza kwamalunga. Eminye imikhiqizo iphinde isekele ukuxhumana nezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvuselela, eziqopha idatha yokuhamba (njenge-cadence, ubude bezinyathelo, kanye ne-landing Angle) ngezinzwa ezinsika zokubopha, zinikeza isisekelo sokuhlola ukuqeqeshwa kwabelaphi bokuvuselela nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokufaneleka kokuqeqeshwa kokuvuselela ngo-40%.
2. Imisebenzi yokusiza yansuku zonke: Thuthukisa ukusebenziseka kalula
Uma ucabangela izidingo zansuku zonke zokusetshenziswa kwasebekhulile, umata wokuhamba we-handrail ungaklanywa ngemisebenzi eyengeziwe yokusiza. Isibonelo, isibambi sendebe yamanzi (esinomthamo womthwalo ongu-≥500g kanye nobubanzi obungu-70mm-90mm) senezelwa ohlangothini lwe-handrail ukuvimbela ukungalingani okubangelwa abasebenzisi ukugoba ukuze bathathe amanzi. Ingxenye ephezulu ye-handrail ifakwe i-flat plate bracket (i-Angle elungisekayo engu-0°-60°), esekela ukuqina kwamapuleti ayisicaba ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-10, okulula ukuthi abasebenzisi babukele amavidiyo okufundisa noma okuqukethwe kokuzijabulisa futhi kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokunaka ngesikhathi sokunyakaza. Eminye imikhiqizo ifaka namasondo ahambayo (anobubanzi obungu-≥50mm kanye nomsebenzi wokubhuleka) phansi kwedivayisi. Uma ihlanganiswe nomklamo wokusiza wama-handrail, amandla adingekayo okunyakaza kwedivayisi ancishiswa ngo-60%, okwenza kube lula ukuthi asebekhulile balungise ngokuzimela indawo yedivayisi.
Umethi wokuhamba ngezintambo ubhekana ngqo nokukhathazeka kokuphepha kwasebekhulile nabaqalayo ngokwakha ukusekela okulungiselelwe, ukwakheka okuvumelana nezemidlalo kanye nendlela yokuvikela eziphuthumayo. Inani lawo eliyinhloko alikho nje ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuwa, kodwa futhi nasekuthuthukiseni ukuzethemba kwabasebenzisi ekuzivocavoceni ngokuklama kwesayensi - idatha ikhombisa ukuthi izinga lokuphikelela kokuzivocavoca kwabantu asebekhulile abasebenzisa izintambo zokuphatha kuma-MATS okuhamba liphakeme ngo-65% kunelabo abasebenzisa ama-MATS avamile okuhamba, futhi imvamisa yokuzivocavoca yabaqalayo nayo iyanda ngo-38%. Lapho ukhetha imishini yokuzivocavoca yasekhaya, ukuphepha kuhlala kuyinto eza kuqala. Umethi wokuhamba ngezintambo, ngokuzivumelanisa kwawo okujulile nezici zomzimba zamaqembu athile abantu, uye waba yisinqumo esihle esihlanganisa ukuphepha nokusebenza, okunikeza abantu abaningi ulwazi lokuzivocavoca ekhaya oluphephile nolulula.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-29-2025