Ngomongo wokukhula okuqhubekayo kwemakethe yemishini yokufaneleka emhlabeni wonke, ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwama-treadmill, njengemishini eyinhloko kokubili ezindaweni zokufaneleka ekhaya nakwezentengiselwano, kuncike kakhulu ekuphathweni kanye namandla obuchwepheshe enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Ukuvakashela amafektri endaweni kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokunquma ukuthi ibhizinisi lokukhiqiza linamandla okuhlinzeka azinzile kanye nokuvumelana komkhiqizo. Ukuhlolwa kwefektri okuqondisiwe kungasiza izivakashi ukuqonda izinga langempela lefektri kusukela ezicini eziningi futhi kwakha ukuzethemba kokubambisana okulandelayo. Okulandelayo isifinyezo samaphuzu abalulekile okufanele kugxilwe kuwo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwefektri kusukela ezicini eziningana ezibalulekile.
Okokuqala, indawo yokukhiqiza kanye nokuphathwa kwendawo
Lapho ungena endaweni yefektri, into yokuqala ekhangayo ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yonke kanye nokuhleleka kwesigaba sendawo esisebenzayo. Ukuhlelwa kwe-workshop okuhlelekile kunganciphisa ibanga lokuphathwa kwezinto, kunciphise ingozi yokuxuba izinto, futhi kusize ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngokubheka ukuthi umhlabathi uhlanzekile yini, ukuthi izindlela zokungena aziphazamiseki yini, nokuthi ngabe kunezimpawu ezicacile yini ezindaweni zokugcina imikhiqizo eqediwe kanye neqediwe, umuntu angahlulela izinga lokusetshenziswa kokuphathwa kwe-5S (Sort, set in order, Shine, Standardize, and Discipline) efektri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, naka ukukhanya, umoya kanye nokulawula umsindo ezindaweni zokusebenza. Le mininingwane ihlobene nenduduzo yokusebenza kwabasebenzi kanye nokunemba kokucubungula kwemikhiqizo, futhi ngezinga elithile, ithinta nokuzinza kokukhiqiza kwesikhathi eside.
Okwesibili, ukulawulwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezingxenye
Ukusebenza nokuqina kwe-treadmill kuqala ngekhwalithi yezinto zokwakha nezesekeli ezisetshenziswayo. Lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwefektri, kungabhekwa ngokukhethekile ukuphathwa kwendlu yokugcina izinto zokusetshenziswa: ukuthi igcinwe ngokwesigaba nendawo, nokuthi ngabe kunezinyathelo zokuvimbela umswakama, uthuli kanye nomonakalo. Ukuthi inqubo yokuhlola engenayo yezingxenye ezibalulekile njengezimoto, amapuleti okugijima, kanye nezendlalelo zezinzwa zokugijima isiqediwe yini, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini amarekhodi okuhlola angahleliwe kanye namalebula alandelekayo. Amafektri asezingeni eliphezulu azobeka imingcele ecacile yekhwalithi esigabeni sezinto ezingenayo futhi avimbele imikhiqizo engaphansi kwekhwalithi ukuthi ingene emgqeni wokukhiqiza ngezindlela ezifana nokuhlolwa kwengxenye yokuqala kanye nokusampula kwe-batch. Ukuqonda uhlelo lokuphatha abaphakeli nokubona ukuthi lwenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile kanye nokuhlolwa kwabaphakeli bezingxenye eziyinhloko nakho kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokulinganisa ukuzinza kweketanga lokuhlinzeka.
Okwesithathu, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nomthamo wenqubo
Ama-treadmill ahilela izinqubo eziningi ezifana nokucubungula insimbi, ukubumba ngomjovo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-elekthronikhi kanye nokulungisa amaphutha komshini jikelele. Ukuqina kwenqubo ngayinye kunquma ukuvumelana komkhiqizo oqediwe. Ukuqaliswa kwezinqubo ezibalulekile kungabonakala endaweni, njenge:
• Ukushisela noma ukugoba uhlaka:Ukuthi imithungo yokushisela iyafana yini futhi ayinayo imithungo engamanga, nokuthi ama-engeli okugoba ayahambisana yini nezidingo zemidwebo;
• Ukucubungula ipuleti lokugijima:Ukunemba kokucubungula kobucaba bomphezulu kanye namaphethini okulwa nokushelela;
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwemoto:Ukuqina kwezintambo kanye nokuqina kokuqina;
• Uhlelo lokulawula lwe-elekthronikhi:Ukuthi ukwakheka kwesekethe kucocekile yini nokuthi ukuxhumeka kwesixhumi kuthembekile yini.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qaphela ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini isixhumanisi sokuthola esiku-inthanethi, njengokuhlola okungahleliwe ukujiya nokunamathela ngemva kokuba ungqimba lwenzwa olusebenzayo luboshiwe, noma ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokuqala ngemva kokuba wonke umshini usuhlanganisiwe. Ukuthi ngabe kukhona impendulo engavamile kanye nendlela yokulungisa enqubweni yokukhiqiza kungabonisa izinga lokuzithiba kwekhwalithi yefektri.
Okwesine, uhlelo lokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nemishini yokuhlola
Ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi akunciki nje kuphela kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu, kodwa futhi kudinga izindlela zokuthola ezihlelekile kanye nokusekelwa kwemishini. Lapho uhlola ifektri, ungabuza ngesakhiwo sokuphathwa kwekhwalithi sefektri ukuze uqonde inqubo evaliwe kusukela ku-IQC (Incoming Inspection), i-IPQC (In-process Inspection) kuya ku-OQC (Outgoing Inspection). Bheka ukuthi ilabhorethri noma indawo yokuhlola ifakwe yini izinsimbi ezidingekayo, njengezihloli zokusebenza kwezimoto, izihloli zokuthwala umthwalo kanye nokukhathala, izihloli zokuvikela ukuphepha, amamitha omsindo, njll. Kuma-treadmill, ukuhlolwa kokuphepha nokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukuqinisekiswa komthwalo ophezulu, ukunemba kokulawula isivinini, isikhathi sokuphendula kwedivayisi yokuma okuphuthumayo, njll. Konke lokhu kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kuqoshwe ngobuningi ngaphambi kokushiya ifektri.
Okwesihlanu, amakhono ocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo
Amafektri anamakhono okucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa azimele kanye namakhono okwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo akwazi kangcono ukubhekana nezinguquko ezidingweni zemakethe kanye nokubuyekezwa komkhiqizo. Ungathola ukuthi ifektri inethimba le-R&D elizinikele, ithrekhi yokuhlola umkhiqizo noma indawo yokusetshenziswa elingisiwe, nokuthi ngabe iqhuba njalo ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Uma uxhumana nabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe, umuntu angabona ukuqonda kwabo okujulile kwezindinganiso zemboni (njengemithetho yokuphepha kanye nezidingo zokusebenzisa kahle amandla), kanye nokuqonda kwabo ngamaphuzu abasebenzisi ababhekene nawo. Ithimba elinekhono lokufunda kanye nokuqonda okusha livame ukuletha izixazululo zomkhiqizo ezibheke phambili kanye nokusekelwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso okuguquguqukayo ngokubambisana.
Okwesithupha, ikhwalithi yabasebenzi kanye nendlela yokuqeqesha
Amakhono kanye nomuzwa wokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo wabasebenzi abasemgqeni wokukhiqiza kuthinta ngqo imininingwane yemikhiqizo. Ukuqaphela ukuthi abaqhubi bayayilandela yini imiyalelo yokusebenza, ukuthi izikhundla ezibalulekile zinezitifiketi yini, nokuthi abasebenzi abasha banamarekhodi okuqeqeshwa ahlelekile kungabonisa ngokungaqondile uhlelo lokukhulisa amakhono efektri. Ithimba elizinzile labasebenzi abanamakhono aligcini nje ngokunciphisa amathuba okungasebenzi kahle kodwa futhi lenza impendulo esheshayo nefanele lapho kuvela ukungalingani kokukhiqiza, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambisana kwemikhiqizo yeqembu.
Okwesikhombisa, Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphathwa Kokuthobela Imithetho
Njengamanje, imakethe yomhlaba wonke inezidingo eziqinile zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokukhiqizwa okuphephile. Lapho kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwefektri, umuntu anganaka izinyathelo ezithathwe yifektri maqondana nokulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukwelashwa kwemfucuza, ukugcinwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokusetshenziswa, kanye nokuthi ngabe iphumelele yini ezitifiketini zesistimu ezifanele (njenge-ISO 14001, ISO 45001). Ukuthobela imithetho akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izingozi zokuhweba ezingaba khona kodwa futhi kubonisa umuzwa wenkampani womthwalo wemfanelo emphakathini, okuyigunya elithambile okufanele licatshangelwe ekubambisaneni kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuhlolwa kwefektri okuphumelelayo akuyona nje ukuvakasha okusheshayo, kodwa kunalokho ukubuka okuhlelekile nokuxhumana okwakha isahlulelo esicacile samandla kanye namandla efektri iyonke. Kusukela ekuphathweni kwemvelo kuya ekulawulweni kwezinqubo, kusukela ezinhlelweni zekhwalithi kuya emandleni e-R&D, bese kuba yizimfanelo zabasebenzi kanye nokuhambisana, yonke isixhumanisi sibonisa ukubikezela kanye nokuqina kokubambisana kwesikhathi esizayo. Uma ufuna umlingani we-treadmill onokwethenjelwa, ukufaka la maphuzu abalulekile ohlelweni lwakho kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone amandla okukhiqiza athembekile ngempela phakathi kwabantu abaningi abazongenela ukhetho, ubeke isisekelo esiqinile sokuhlinzekwa komkhiqizo okulandelayo kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-27-2025